Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee. These include aging, obesity, previous knee injuries, repetitive stress on the knee joint, and genetic predisposition. Excess body weight places additional pressure on the knee, accelerating cartilage breakdown.
Signs and Symptoms
People with knee osteoarthritis commonly experience knee pain that worsens with activity, stiffness especially after rest or in the morning, swelling, reduced range of motion, and difficulty walking or climbing stairs. Some may notice a cracking or grinding sensation during movement.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on clinical assessment and imaging. An X-ray may show joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and other degenerative changes. Blood tests are often normal and are mainly used to rule out other joint diseases.
Management
Although osteoarthritis has no cure, symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment focuses on pain relief and improving joint function. This includes weight reduction, physiotherapy and strengthening exercises, use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications, lifestyle modification, and joint protection techniques. In severe cases, surgical intervention such as knee replacement may be considered.
The Nursing Role
Nurses play a vital role in managing osteoarthritis by assessing pain, supporting mobility, educating patients on exercises and weight management, ensuring medication adherence, and providing emotional support.
Conclusion
Osteoarthritis of the knee can significantly affect quality of life, but with early recognition and proper management, individuals can remain active and independent. Understanding the condition is the first step toward better joint health.